[问答题]什么是单片机？MCS-51单片机内部的基本组成及引脚功能？

参考答案：

单片机，又称微控制器或嵌入式计算机，是指集成在一个芯片上的微型计算机，也就是把组成微型计算机的各种功能部件，包括CPU、随机存取存储器RAM、只读存储器ROM、基本输入/输出（I/O）接口电路、定时器/计数器等部件制作在一块集成芯片上，构成一个完整的微型计算机，从而实现微型计算机的基本功能。MCS-51是标准的40引脚双列直插式集成电路芯片，它包括（1）电源及时钟引脚（4个），（2）控制线引脚（4个），（3）并行I/O引脚（32个，分成4个8位口）。

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